The Role Of Paramedics In The Early Recognition And Management Of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a major global health burden with high morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and management by paramedics in the prehospital setting are crucial to minimizing secondary brain injury and improving patient outcomes.​

Methods:
A review of peer-reviewed literature evaluating paramedic-led emergency medical service (EMS) interventions for adult TBI was conducted, focusing on assessment methods, management strategies, and training impacts in acute prehospital settings.​

Results:
Evidence demonstrates that adherence to prehospital TBI protocols by paramedics, including rapid neurological assessment (Glasgow Coma Scale, pupillary response), advanced airway management, prevention of hypoxia/hypotension, and fluid resuscitation, doubles survival in severe cases. Simulation-based and guideline-driven education programs significantly enhance early recognition and intervention skills. Challenges remain in diagnostic accuracy and resource variability.​

Conclusions:
Paramedics are pivotal in early TBI care, with evidence-based prehospital interventions improving patient survival and reducing secondary injury. Continued training, protocol refinement, and adoption of technology-supported tools are essential for optimizing care and outcomes in traumatic brain injury.​