Impact of Systematic Nursing on the Stress Response and Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy

Abstract

Cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, is a common procedure often necessitated by gallbladder diseases such as gallstones. While generally safe, the surgery can induce significant stress responses in patients, adversely affecting their recovery, particularly gastrointestinal function. This review explores the impact of systematic nursing on managing stress responses and facilitating recovery in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Systematic nursing encompasses a structured approach that includes comprehensive preoperative education, effective pain management, and supportive postoperative care. The stress response in surgical patients involves complex physiological and psychological mechanisms, including the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormonal changes can disrupt gastrointestinal motility, resulting in complications like delayed gastric emptying and postoperative ileus. Psychological factors, including preoperative anxiety and feelings of helplessness, further complicate recovery. Systematic nursing interventions play a crucial role in mitigating these stress responses. Preoperative education helps patients feel informed and in control, reducing anxiety levels. Psychological support techniques, such as relaxation exercises and guided imagery, can further alleviate stress. During the perioperative period, continuous monitoring and effective pain management are essential for promoting recovery. Postoperatively, early mobilization and tailored dietary modifications are vital for restoring gastrointestinal function. Evidence suggests that patients receiving systematic nursing care experience lower levels of anxiety and depression, faster recovery of gastrointestinal function, and improved overall satisfaction with their surgical experience. This review underscores the importance of integrating systematic nursing practices into perioperative care to enhance patient outcomes. Future research should focus on developing standardized protocols and exploring the long-term effects of systematic nursing interventions across various surgical procedures. By addressing both physiological and psychological needs, systematic nursing can significantly improve recovery trajectories for patients undergoing cholecystectomy.