Meigs Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges, And Multidisciplinary Management In Nursing, Laboratory, Psychotherapy, And Family Medicine

Abstract

Background: Meigs syndrome is a rare clinical entity defined by the triad of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion, with complete resolution after tumor removal. It frequently mimics ovarian malignancy due to similar clinical and radiological features.

Aim: This study aims to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology, and multidisciplinary management of Meigs syndrome, emphasizing strategies for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical features, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, and management approaches was conducted based on available literature and case‑based evidence outlined in the manuscript. The evaluation integrates history, examination, laboratory analysis, imaging, and fluid studies as described.

Results: Findings highlight that Meigs syndrome predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is most commonly associated with ovarian fibromas. Ascites and pleural effusions arise through mechanical lymphatic obstruction, peritoneal irritation, and increased vascular permeability mediated by VEGF. Diagnostic confusion with malignancy is common due to overlapping signs and elevated CA‑125 levels. Definitive treatment through surgical excision results in rapid resolution of effusions and an excellent prognosis, while symptomatic management supports nonsurgical patients.

Conclusion: Early recognition and multidisciplinary coordination are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary oncologic interventions. Surgical removal of the benign tumor ensures complete recovery, while supportive care enhances patient well‑being.