Assessment Of Some Biochemical And Inflammatory Markers In Diabetic Patient With Renal Impairment

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (D M) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. One of its most serious complications is diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which evolves silently and is often underdiagnosed during its early stages despite detectable biochemical changes.

Objective: This study objective to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of selected biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 DM, both with and without renal impairment, to identify early indicators of DKD.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants were enrolled and equally divided into 3 groups: 50 patients with type 2 DM, 50 with DKD, and 50 healthy controls. FBS, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, albumin, insulin, HOMA-IR, eGFR , microalbuminuria, and inflammatory markers such as CRP, TNF-α, IGF-1, α-Klotho, glycated albumin, and fructosamine were all measured in blood samples. One-way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) and Pearson correlation (SPSS v26). Results: DKD patients exhibited significantly elevated FBS (301.49 ± 207.36 mg/dL), HbA1c (10.67 ± 4.38%), creatinine (3.93 ± 0.81 mg/dL), microalbuminuria (71.19 ± 11.91 mg/day), CRP (8.65 ± 3.97 mg/L), TNF-α (12.4 ± 3.2 pg/mL), and glycated albumin (1248 ± 873.3 mg/dL), alongside reduced eGFR (42.5 ± 15.2 mL/min) and α-Klotho (120 ± 450 pg/mL) compared to other groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Glycated albumin, microalbuminuria, TNF-α, and α-Klotho alterations could all be markers for the early identification of DKD.  Including these indicators in routine diagnostic procedures may enhance early risk assessment. longitudinal research is required to validate these initial findings.